War

**//American History//**
 * //World Wars//**
 * //Mr. Sontheimer//**

Throughout the 20th century the world has been torn apart by wars. Unlike previous conflicts these “modern” wars involved more nations, took advantage of the technological improvements related to the Industrial Revolution, and engulfed the entire populations of the combatant nations. We are going to examine both the First and Second World Wars at the same time to find the common themes and differences that characterized each conflict.

Helpful Timeline with Links….Copy into your Wikispace  1914 June 28th - [|Assassination of Arch-Duke Ferdinand] August 1st- Germany Declares War on Russia October 29th – [|Trench Warfare] becomes dominant on Western Front 1915 May 7th- [|Lusitania] is sunk by German Submarine [|(U-Boat)] 1916 September 15th- British introduce the [|tank] to the battlefield 1917 January 16th [|Zimmerman Note] February 1st- Germans begin unrestricted submarine warfare April 6th- United States declares war on Germany December 5th- Communist [|Russia] reaches separate peace with Germany General “Black” Jack Pershing leads the first of 1.8 Million American Soldiers 1918 October 4th- Germany asks for Armistice (cease fire) November 11th- Armistice is signed bring an end to the fighting [|World Wide Influenza epidemic] 1919 June 28th- [|Treaty of Versailles] is signed with the League of Nations 1921 [|Extreme inflation] hits German economy as they pay reparations 1922 [|Mussolini] and his followers march on Rome 1923 [|Hitler] launches a failed coup in Bavaria writes =//Mein Kampf//= 1929 Stock Market Collapse in United States marking the beginning of Depression 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany March 12th First [|Concentration Camp] Opened 1934 June 30th [|Night of the Long Knives] 1937 December 13th [|Rape of Nanking] 1939 March 15th Nazis take Czechoslovakia through [|appeasement] September 1st Invasion of Poland using the [|Blitzkrieg] 1940 June 22nd France force to sign armistice with Germany September Beginning of the [|Blitz] 1941 June 22nd [|Germany attacks Soviet Union] a strategic mistake December 7th Japanese attack [|Pearl Harbor] drawing the United States into war 1942 September 13th Battle of [|Stalingrad] a key turning point of the War June 4th [|Battle of Midway] another key turning point of the War 1943 [|Battle of the Atlantic] Climaxes with many sinkings 1944 June 6th [|Normandy Landings] Americans in France August 25th [|Paris Liberated] December 16-27 [|Battle of the Bulge] Last German offensive of the War 1945 Feb 13th [|Dresden Firebombed] Many civilians are targeted by allies. April 28th Mussolini Hanged April 30th Hilter commits suicide May 7th German’s Surrender August 6th First Atomic bomb used on [|Hiroshima] September 2 [|Japanese] Surrender October 4th United Nations formed

 World War I Alliances Triple Entente France Russia England USA

Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungarian Empire Ottoman Empire

Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy **
 * World War II Alliances

Abraham Lincoln Brigade || Carrisa Holt Katie Hartman Kaylee Sites || Fighting French Forces || Ginny McDannell Jess Blanc || and Japan. || Lexi Sherwood Morgan Cullison || Heidi Benner Zeb Zeltwanger || Zack Wagner John Millhimes || Tyler Gastley || Japanese – American Internment.pptx || 1942-1945 || Government forced more than 100,000 japense american into internment camps. || Dani Santay Catherine Nicolson Kelsey Hawbaker || Sandra Perez || America and Australia. || Jorge Zarate, Joseph Gonzalez || Germans vs Soviets || Stephanie, Britt, Allen || created a pact saying that they would not go to war against each other. || Felicia and Chandler || of this disaster. || Kayla Lynne, Tiffany Trageser, Amanda Alvarado, Jose. || Invasion of France.pptx || 1940 || German invasion of France. || Luke and Paul ||
 * Topic or Battle || Year || Key Points || Students in Group ||
 * Yalta ||  ||   ||   ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Spanish Civil War.pptx"]] Spanish Civil War.pptx || 1936-39 || Fascists vs. Loyalist
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Vichy France.pptx"]] Vichy France.pptx || 1940 || The splitting of France
 * Operation Torch ||  ||   ||   ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Rome-Berlin Axis.pptx"]] Rome-Berlin Axis.pptx || 1936-1945 || The agreement between Germany, Italy,
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Invasion Of Poland.pptx"]] Invasion Of Poland.pptx || September 1, 1939 || Official start to World War II || Brittany Wenger
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Normandy.pptx"]] Normandy.pptx || June 6, 1944 || The invasion of normandy included D-day || Tyler Miller
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/APPEASEMENT Powerpoint.pptx"]] APPEASEMENT Powerpoint.pptx || 1938-1939 || Hitler and Chamberlains appeasment || Tae Masoline
 * Japanese-American Internment
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Operation Barbarossa.pptx"]] Operation Barbarossa.pptx || 1941-1942 || The invasion of the Soviet Union and the biggest mistake Hitler made. || Dejonia Reid
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/RAPE OF NANKING.pptx"]] RAPE OF NANKING.pptx || 1937-1938 || Japanese invaded Nanking killing and raping thousands of the Chinese || Ebony, Hannah ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Guadalcanal.pptx"]] Guadalcanal.pptx ||  || Battle to control the sea route between
 * Stalingrad[[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/The Battle.pptx"]] The Battle.pptx ||  || The deadliest battle EVER!!!!
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Pearl Harbor.pptx"]] Pearl Harbor.pptx || 1941 ||  || taylor drew travis jenna ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Hitler-Stalin Pact.pptx"]] Hitler-Stalin Pact.pptx || 1939 || Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Holocaust Final Solution.ppt"]] Holocaust Final Solution.ppt || 1939-1945 || 6 million jews killed. Hitler was the leader
 * Invasion of France
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Battle of Midway.pptx"]] Battle of Midway.pptx || 1942 || American naval victory over Japan || Andrew Agosta, Alex Howland, Wyatt Shultz ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/x-zip.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Nuremberg Laws.pptx"]] Nuremberg Laws.pptx ||  || laws passed to exclude Jews || Wes James and Gloria ||
 * Battle of Britain ||  ||   ||   ||
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/FascistsEnd.pptx"]] FascistsEnd.pptx ||  ||   ||   ||

Allied Powers Great Britain United States Soviet Union France*  Your Project!

In **each** of the following categories you will research and explain ONE critical point from each category. You must support and illustrate your answer with FOUR PICTURES and ONE OTHER PRIMARY SOURCE. Your answer and evidence must connect and cover the First and Second World Wars. You may submit an answer in one of the following formats. 1.) Microsoft Word Document with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources on one page. 2.) Wikispaces page(s) on your account with Answers, Pictures, and Primary sources arranged in a way that completes the assignment. Please place a link to your page on the class wikispace so I can go visit yours!

 World War 1 .Vs. World War 2 World War 1 Tanks to, World War 2 Tanks World War 1 women, to World War 2 women comparsion between the white men of WW1 to WW2, and the comparsion between the black men of WW1 to WW2 Hiltler, Mussolini, Tojo, Franklin D. Roosevelt

"//I gave the order to shoot those who were the ringleaders in this treason, and i further gave the order to burn out down to the raw flesh the ulcers of this poisoning of the wells in our domestic life and of the poisoning of the outside world. And i further ordered that if any of the mutineers should attempt to resist arrest, they were immediately to be struck down with armed force.... I am ready to undertake the responsibility at the bar of history for the twenty-four hours in which the bitterest decisions of my life were made... to hold fast to the dearest thing that has been given us in this world--the German people and the German Reich!// -Adolf Hitler, 1934.

‘Army City' Garnett, Kansas August 6, 1917 My Dearest Mary, We are in the Army now. I am sitting inside our little old tent listening to the gentle patter of the raindrops on the canvas. It began raining here this morning and it is still at it. No drill today, so I will have time to write a letter or two. We got into the city all O.K., marched up to the armory and had dinner. They have mess in the armory. We have to march back and forth to eat. Eats are pretty good so far as they have some women helping with the cooking. Set up camp in the afternoon. Shoemaker has been Acting Corporal in our squad. We got the tent up all right under the direction of one of the old heads who has seen service on the border. Some equipment was issued in the afternoon. As my name is down well in the list, I have not received anything yet in my own name. Corporal Hilton is staying in town so he let me have his stuff. Got pack, gun, poncho, and numerous other things I don't know what are used for. Slept on the ground last night in a tent with just an even dozen in it. Some of the fellows are staying in town at hotels, rooming houses, and private houses. Taken altogether, things are in rather poor shape as yet, but I suppose it takes a little time to get around. A few of the bunch act like a bunch of bums instead of soldiers, but they will get that taken out of them when they get to a real camp. They got Parker Melliush for kitchen duty the first thing. Walter Anthony was stuck for guard duty last night. It must be fine walking up and down in front of a row of tents watching the other fellows sleep. One thing they did do, everybody had to quiet down at ten-thirty last night. We had a good entertainment before lights out. (We had a light, too, as some of the bunch got hold of a lantern.) A fellow in our squad by the name of Donald gets off some pretty good comedy -- original stuff, too. He is a rather rough nut, but not as bad as some of this crowd. There was some crowd at the station yesterday, wasn't there? I think I shook hands with everybody in town three or four times. Not a very pleasant task under the circumstances, either. Well, I got so much company in here that I can't think straight. This is rather a poor excuse of a letter, but I will write again soon. With best of love to my own little girl, Lloyd S.

Yet interestingly enough it was the service of women in the military and the defense works that gave a huge push to the passing of the 19th Amendment. President Woodrow Wilson was won over to the suffragists' side in part because of the bravery of women serving on the front and their proven abilities as they replaced men in offices and factories. In September 1918 Wilson addressed the Senate, urging that they follow the House in passing the 19th Amendment. His dramatic plea asked that the Senators recognize the contributions made by American women in the war. Wilson proclaimed ... "...Are we alone to ask and take the utmost that our women can give, service and sacrifice of every kind, and still say we do not see what title that gives them to stand by our sides in the guidance of the affairs of their nations and ours? We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?"

2 May 1945 Dearest Mom and Lou, A year ago today I was sweating out shells on Anzio Beachhead ; today I am sitting in Hitler's luxuriously furnished apartment in Munich writing a few lines home. What a contrast.A still greater contrast is that between his quarters here and the living hell of DACHAU Concentration Camp only 10 miles from here. I had the misfortune of seeing the camp yesterday and I still find it hard to believe what my eyes told me. A railroad runs alongside the camp and as we walked toward the box cars on the track I thought of some of the stories I previously had read about DACHAU and was glad of the chance to see for myself just to prove once and for all that what I had heard was propaganda. But no it wasn’t propaganda at all if anything some of the truth had been held back. In two years of combat you can imagine I have seen a lot of death, furious deaths mostly. But nothing has ever stirred me as much as this. The first box car I came to had about 30 what were once humans in it. All were just bone with a layer of skin over them. Most of the eyes were open and had an undescribable look about them. They had that beaten "what did I do to deserve this" look. Twenty to thirty other box cars were the same. Bodies on top of each other no telling how many. No identification as far as I could see. And then into the camp itself. Filthy barracks suitable for about 200 persons held 1500. 160,000 persons were originally in the camp and 32,000 were alive (or almost alive) when we arrived. There is a gas chamber and furnace room in one barracks.; Two rooms were full of bodies waiting to be cremated. In one room they were all nude -in the other they had prison clothes on. As filthy as dirt itself. How can people do things like that? I never believed they could until now. Well enough for now- Miss you all very much. Your son, Horace

· // New technologies changed how war was waged Old techniques of fighting were decidedly ineffective against new tools. (chart the changes that armies made in how they fight ie. trenches vs. movement) // · // Developments in weapons extended their range and effectiveness. (examine the improvements made to a weapon of your choice through both wars ie. The tank) // · // Destructive capability increased so much that weapons became almost unusable because of their power.(Look at some of the most ghastly moments in both wars and make comparisons about the weapons that brought them about ie. Somme vs. Dresden // ·  // As men were mobilized for war, women’s roles on the home front expanded greatly(evaluate how production in both conflicts depended on women’s labor and support) // ·  // Using blockades and the denying supplies of food as weapons was practiced by all sides. (examine the blockades or WWI with the mass starvation of WWII in Leningrad) // · // Maintaining the war effort through propaganda was common and very important for morale.( compare the types of propaganda in both world conflicts) //
 * Why these Wars Matter! **
 * T echnology ** -Both conflicts featured many new inventions and weapons that were developed and improved throughout the first half of the twentieth century. These inventions included ** tanks, aircraft, submarines, better communications devices, radar, sonar, and many more **. The introduction many of the inventions prompted improvements and innovations that continue through today.
 * Critical Points ** -
 * T otal War **-Both World Wars engulfed the civilian populations of the opposing sides. Civilians supported the wars through factory production and agriculture. Civilians were targeted by all sides as the wars progressed, and civilian opinion was critical to the continued war efforts.
 * Critical Points-**

· // Racial and religious prejudice reached new heights in this period. Genocide became a “final solution” for several regimes during the Second World War. (Examine how the Armenians in Turkey were treated during WW I versus how the Jews were treated in WWII) // · // Internal opposition was not tolerated during the First and Second World Wars. (How did America treat people of German descent during WWI and Japanese during WWII) //
 * G enocide -**World Wars also allowed countries to propose and act upon solutions for portions of their populations that they could characterize as undesirable. From forced internal exile or relocations, mass executions and even extermination camps the First and Second World Wars changed how unwanted populations were treated.
 * Critical Points-**


 * A uthoritarianism -** As the 20th century dawned much of the population of Europe lived under the rule of kings and monarchies. The World conflicts that characterized the first half of the century shattered these regimes and brought new powerful individuals to power. These dictators allowed little or no opposition and created powerful parties or systems to keep themselves in place.
 * Critical Points-**
 * // Old monarchies and territories will fall apart in the face of rising nationalism and the forces of war Democratic ideals will be pushed aside as militarism becomes more widespread // //(Compare the governments and nations at the beginning of each war)//
 * // New forceful leaders will take power and implement their totalitarian ideas of government.(look at the rise of Hitler, Mussolini, or Tojo) //

World War I [] [] [] [] World War II [] [] []
 * Helpful Links-**

General Good Place to Start [|High School Media Center] Login-Gettysburg Password-Warriors Go the History Special Section and Type in “World War I or World War II” This is a resource with many primary sources and links, use it!

 Readings- The First World War